We have scored the climate risk of the 11.660 buildings in Estepona using Cadastre data, satellite imagery and climate projections, and added it up by area, street and watercourse. The clearest change comes at night: from 54 to 92 tropical nights a year by 2050.
Level of the highest hazard in each 250 m area by 2050: flooding, heat, wildfire, wind or ground movement.
Position among the 8.217 municipalities: further right means more risk. These are figures for the municipality as a whole, the same for everyone; they may differ from those for the typical building. Compare with others →
It comes from matching each building with its neighbourhood, its street, the nearest watercourse and its surroundings.
These are 4.148 buildings right next to vegetation that can burn. Of these, 144 are blocks of flats with 8.421 homes, where evacuation is harder.
Proximity to woodland and to burnt areas (ESA WorldCover, EFFIS). It does not measure the state of the vegetation or any firebreaks.
In a typical building in Estepona, nights when the temperature stays at or above 20 °C would rise from 54 a year (1991-2020) to about 92 by 2050. For this reason, 100 % of homes would be at a high or very high level.
Median of the buildings. Intermediate-to-high emissions scenario (SSP3-7.0).
They are in the area that can flood once every 500 years according to the official maps (SNCZI); 1 of them are in the 100-year area. Next to Arroyo de las Cañas, 20 homes are inside the flood zone, less than 100 m from the watercourse.
According to the Ministry’s studies, this is an annual probability of 0,2 % (500 years) or 1 % (100 years), not “once every 500 years”: it can happen two years in a row. Small gullies are not always mapped.
Around homes with less than 2 % tree cover, the surface in summer is 0,4 °C above the median for Estepona; with more than 40 % tree cover, 2,0 °C below. 3.665 homes are in surroundings with almost no trees.
Ground surface temperature (Landsat), not air temperature. More trees usually go with less asphalt and lower density: this is a correlation, not a measure of the effect of planting trees.
Schools whose surroundings are at least 1 °C hotter than the municipal median in summer. They are the first candidates for shade and tree-lined playgrounds.
Ground surface temperature (Landsat) around the building closest to the OpenStreetMap point.
The 52.446 homes in Estepona by the level of their building. Tap a hazard to see it on the map.
The same data for all 8.217 municipalities in Spain. Choose what to compare with: municipalities of a similar size, the province, the region or the whole of Spain.
Compared with the 365 municipalities with between 20.000 and 100.000 inhabitants. The bar shows where Estepona stands: further right means more risk.
| Indicator | Estepona | Group median | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical nights a year, today | 53 nights | 28 nights | higher than 74 % of them |
| Tropical nights a year, 2050 | 104 nights | 74 nights | higher than 73 % of them |
| Average summer maximum, 2050 | 29,4 °C | 32,0 °C | lower than 72 % of them |
| Night-time heat island | −0,2 °C | 0,7 °C | lower than 97 % of them |
| Flood-prone area (100-year) | 0,1% | 2,0% | lower than 76 % of them |
| Area burnt 2016-2026 | 35,0% | 0,0% | higher than 100 % of them |
| Water stress 2050 (0-5) | 5,0 | 4,9 | higher than 76 % of them |
| Maximum 50-year gust | 26 m/s | 29 m/s | lower than 86 % of them |
| Ground movement | −0,1 mm/yr | −0,7 mm/yr | sinking more slowly than 84 % of them |
| Population aged 65 or over | 17% | 19% | lower than 67 % of them |
Compared with the 103 municipalities in Málaga province. The bar shows where Estepona stands: further right means more risk.
| Indicator | Estepona | Group median | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical nights a year, today | 53 nights | 19 nights | higher than 80 % of them |
| Tropical nights a year, 2050 | 104 nights | 55 nights | higher than 86 % of them |
| Average summer maximum, 2050 | 29,4 °C | 31,0 °C | lower than 72 % of them |
| Night-time heat island | −0,2 °C | 0,2 °C | lower than 86 % of them |
| Flood-prone area (100-year) | 0,1% | 0,1% | higher than 52 % of them |
| Area burnt 2016-2026 | 35,0% | 0,0% | higher than 96 % of them |
| Water stress 2050 (0-5) | 5,0 | 5,0 | higher than 50 % of them |
| Maximum 50-year gust | 26 m/s | 29 m/s | lower than 76 % of them |
| Ground movement | −0,1 mm/yr | 0,3 mm/yr | sinking faster than 72 % of them |
| Population aged 65 or over | 17% | 23% | lower than 86 % of them |
Compared with the 786 municipalities in Andalusia. The bar shows where Estepona stands: further right means more risk.
| Indicator | Estepona | Group median | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical nights a year, today | 53 nights | 17 nights | higher than 91 % of them |
| Tropical nights a year, 2050 | 104 nights | 49 nights | higher than 93 % of them |
| Average summer maximum, 2050 | 29,4 °C | 35,2 °C | lower than 91 % of them |
| Night-time heat island | −0,2 °C | 0,3 °C | lower than 81 % of them |
| Flood-prone area (100-year) | 0,1% | 0,8% | lower than 63 % of them |
| Area burnt 2016-2026 | 35,0% | 0,0% | higher than 98 % of them |
| Water stress 2050 (0-5) | 5,0 | 5,0 | higher than 59 % of them |
| Maximum 50-year gust | 26 m/s | 31 m/s | lower than 85 % of them |
| Ground movement | −0,1 mm/yr | 0,0 mm/yr | sinking faster than 58 % of them |
| Population aged 65 or over | 17% | 22% | lower than 84 % of them |
Compared with the 8.217 municipalities in Spain. The bar shows where Estepona stands: further right means more risk.
| Indicator | Estepona | Group median | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical nights a year, today | 53 nights | 0 nights | higher than 97 % of them |
| Tropical nights a year, 2050 | 104 nights | 8 nights | higher than 96 % of them |
| Average summer maximum, 2050 | 29,4 °C | 32,4 °C | lower than 78 % of them |
| Night-time heat island | −0,2 °C | 0,1 °C | lower than 75 % of them |
| Flood-prone area (100-year) | 0,1% | 0,6% | lower than 57 % of them |
| Area burnt 2016-2026 | 35,0% | 0,0% | higher than 98 % of them |
| Water stress 2050 (0-5) | 5,0 | 4,6 | higher than 82 % of them |
| Maximum 50-year gust | 26 m/s | 31 m/s | lower than 88 % of them |
| Ground movement | −0,1 mm/yr | −0,4 mm/yr | sinking more slowly than 70 % of them |
| Population aged 65 or over | 17% | 28% | lower than 92 % of them |
Values for the municipality as a whole (median over built-up land). The position is the percentage of municipalities in the group with a lower value: it is not a probability of damage. 2050 = SSP3-7.0 scenario.
Semicolon-separated tables with a decimal comma, ready to open in a spreadsheet or a GIS (areas include longitude and latitude).
What this is and what it is not. It is a guide-only analysis made with public data and models, with the same rules for every municipality. It does not replace official maps, a technical study or emergency plans. For your own building, look up its report.
Building by building. We have scored the 11.660 Cadastre buildings in Estepona with the same rules as each building’s report on Mi Riesgo Climático, from 0 to 100 for each hazard: low (up to 25), medium (up to 50), high (up to 75) and very high.
Aggregates only. To protect each owner, no individual building appears here: only 250 m areas with at least 3 buildings, and neighbourhoods and streets with at least 60 homes.
Wildfire and flooding. Wildfire counts proximity to woodland or scrubland of at least 100 ha (not urban parks or tree-lined streets). For flooding, besides the official flood zones, a building that was inside a real flood observed by satellite (Copernicus EMS, such as the 2024 DANA storm) is at least at high level.
2050. Average for 2041-2070 under an intermediate-to-high emissions scenario (SSP3-7.0). Tropical nights and heat change with the climate; flooding, wildfire, wind and ground movement are shown with current data when there is no projection.
Rivers and streams. Named watercourses from OpenStreetMap. We count the homes less than 50 and 100 m from the watercourse and, separately, how many of them are in an official flood zone (SNCZI). Being close does not mean they will flood, and having no official zone does not mean they cannot.
Neighbourhoods and streets. Neighbourhoods and districts from OpenStreetMap; streets according to the Cadastre address. The street heat index combines tropical nights in 2050 (35 %), heat island (30 %), lack of trees (20 %) and buildings from before 1980 (15 %).
Sources. Cadastre (buildings and addresses); ERA5 + CHELSA/CMIP6 MPI-ESM1-2-HR and AdapteCCa (tropical nights and temperature); Landsat 8/9 and MODIS (heat island); ESA WorldCover and EFFIS (wildfire); MITECO SNCZI (flood zones); JRC (coast); ERA5 + Global Wind Atlas (wind); Copernicus EGMS (ground movement); WRI Aqueduct (water); INE (population); OpenStreetMap, © contributors, ODbL (streets, neighbourhoods, rivers and facilities).